卸压套壁法加固井壁的力学机理与工程应用

简要分析了位于巨厚冲积层表土下，竖井破坏的特点及力学机理。根据井筒破坏的力学机理，设计制定了预防和加固竖井破坏的技术方案卸压套壁法，并通过其一工程施工实例说明该方案的施工特点、效果及适用情况。     

The Influence of Tunnel Geometry and Ventilation on the Heat Release Rate of a Fire

It has occasionally been observed that fires in tunnels appear to be significantly more severe than fires in the open air. A literature review has been carried out, comparing heat release data from fires in tunnels with heat release data from similar fires in the open air. A Bayesian methodology has been used to investigate the geometrical factors that have the greatest influence on heat release rate. It is shown that the heat release rate of a fire in a tunnel is influenced primarily by the width of a tunnel; a fire will tend to have a higher heat release rate in a narrow tunnel rather than in a wide tunnel. The observed relationship between heat release rate and tunnel width is presented. Results from a study investigating the variation of heat release rate with ventilation velocity for fires in tunnels are also presented. A method for making realistic estimates of the heat release rates of fires in tunnels, based on these results, is presented.     

J—1型混凝土脱模剂

Ｊ－１型混凝土脱模剂是一种新型树脂类脱模剂。介绍了它的基本配方、生产工艺和性能。     

超大断面水平隧道纵向通风临界风速CFD分析

首先介绍了临界风速研究的基本思路及国内外主要研究成果.结合国内某长大公路隧道设计,建立一长300m、水力高度10.64m的水平隧道模型,通过CFD模拟确定超大断面隧道临界风速的影响因子及相应的准则关联式.模拟表明:与火灾热释放速率相比,环境温度的影响可以忽略不计;与Atkinson(模型试验)及Buxton(大尺度试验)相似,临界风速随热释放速率的变化分为两个区域,与低热释放速率时不同,一旦热释放速率超过40MW,临界风速的变化明显趋于缓慢.     

基于能量耗散与释放原理的岩石强度与整体破坏准则

讨论了岩石变形破坏过程中能量耗散、能量释放与岩石强度和整体破坏的内在联系。指出岩石变形破坏是能量耗散与能量释放的综合结果。能量耗散使岩石产生损伤,并导致岩性劣化和强度丧失;能量释放则是引发岩石整体突然破坏的内在原因。定义了单元耗散能、可释放应变能、强度丧失和整体破坏的概念。给出了基于能量耗散的强度丧失准则和基于可释放应变能的整体破坏准则,分析了各种应力状态下岩石单元整体破坏的临界应力。并应用上述准则讨论了隧洞围岩发生整体破坏的临界条件。     

有机复合材料的火灾危险性研究

选用一些常见的有机复合材料，利用锥形量热仪对它们的燃烧特性进行测试，并引入热敏指数和窒息敏感指数对试验结果进行分析。     

Effects of gamma-sterilization on DOC, uranium and arsenic remobilization from organic and microbial rich stream sediments

Organic-rich sediments are known to be effective accumulators for uranium and arsenic. Much is known about the capacity for metal or metalloid fixation by microbes and organic compounds as well as inorganic sediment particles. Experiments investigating the effect of microbes on the process of metal fixation in sediments require sterilized sediments as control treatment which is often realized by gamma-sterilization. Only few studies show that gamma-sterilization has an effect on the remobilization of metal and metalloids and on their physico-chemical properties. These studies deal with sediments with negligible organic content whereas almost nothing is known about organic-rich sediments including a probably high microbial activity. In view of this, we investigated the effect of gamma-sterilization of organic-rich sediments on uranium and arsenic fixation and release. After ten days within an exposure experiment we found a significant higher remobilization of uranium and arsenic in sterile compared to unsterile treatments. In line with these findings the content of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), manganese, and iron increased to even significantly higher concentration in the sterile compared to unsterile treatment. Gamma-sterilization seems to change the physico-chemical properties of organic-rich sediments. Microbial activity is effectively eliminated. From increased DOC concentrations in overlaying water it is concluded that microbes are eventually killed with leaching of cellular compounds in the overlaying water. This decreases the adsorption capacity of the sediment and leads to enhanced uranium and arsenic remobilization.     

浅谈避免或减轻混凝土小型空心砌块砌体墙开裂的对策

分析混凝土小型空心砌块的材料特点及不同成因产生裂缝的分布特点,提出选材、设计、施工相配合,采取“以防为主”“抗放兼施”的方法避免或减轻混凝土小型空心砌块砌体墙的裂缝,对砌体结构的选材、设计、施工起指导作用。     

The influence of pH on phosphate release from lake sediments

pH is believed to be an important regulating factor for the release of phosphate from freshwater sediments. Usually, this is demonstrated in laboratory experiments using intact sediment cores and pH regulation of the overlying water by means of NaOH additions. This technique and a pH regulation technique by means of CO₂-stripping were compared. The first method resulted in a 10-fold increase in release rate at pH 9.5 compared to the rate at pH 8.3. The stripping technique yielded only a doubling of the release rate at pH 9.3. Measurements of pH profiles in the sediment in experiments performed at pH 8.3 and 9.0 proved that the enhanced phosphate release when using NaOH for pH regulation is mainly an artifact caused by an increased alkalinity in the water column and the upper sediment layers, resulting from the NaOH additions.     

模拟引潮力作用下岩石破坏前兆的实验研究 --加卸载响应比(LURR)理论和能量加速释放(AER)

大地震前加卸载响应比升高和能量加速释放这2种现象可以用来对地震进行中期预报。同时,加卸载响应比升高和能量加速释放有相同的物理机制。实验对于揭示地壳岩石的变形和破坏规律是非常重要的。在三轴应力条件下进行了岩石破坏声发射实验,声发射技术是研究岩石变形破坏微观机理的重要手段。为了模拟日月引潮力对地球的加载和卸载作用,在一常数加载率的轴向压力作用下,叠加上微小的正弦扰动,力求能够模拟地下岩石复杂的受力状态。实验过程中记录到大量的声发射信息,声发射记录包括声发射发生的时间、空间坐标和振幅,它能够反映岩石试件内部每一个损伤(微裂纹)发生的时间、地点和强度。利用声发射记录系统地分析了岩石试件破坏前能量释放及加卸载响应比的演化情况,结果显示,岩石试件宏观破坏前出现了能量加速释放及加卸载响应比剧增这2种前兆现象,从而对地震临界点理论给予了实验支持,同时也为地震预测提供了实验依据。